Phylogeography of the grasshopper genus <i>Oedipoda</i> (Acrididae: Oedipodinae) in the Mediterranean: classic refugia and cryptic lineages

Abstract The evolutionary history and biogeography of species is strongly influenced by climatic conditions geomorphology. Most thermophilic organisms in Europe have survived colder periods Mediterranean refugia, which can be inferred from their genetic structure. band-winged grasshopper genus Oedipoda occurs with nine the Mediterranean. We phylogeny western Palaearctic using gene sequences (two mitochondrial one nuclear) a comprehensive sample most species. Our results show that differentiation between quite strong. Four subspecies (Oedipoda caerulescens amoricana Sellier, 1948 syn. nov., germanica kraussi Ramme, 1931 nov.,Oedipoda fuscocincta morini Defaut, 2006 portugalensis nov.) are not supported our study synonymized nominate subspecies. Two former mauritanica Lucas, 1849 stat. nov. meridionalis synonym pentagonalis Jannone, 1937 raised to level. status 1847 coerulea Saussure, 1884 remains unresolved. sardeti has wider distribution, including Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Corsica Sardinia. phylogeographic pattern line classic refugia two waves differentiation.